SOCIAL SYSTEM AND INSTITUTION

• There are many similarities found in a traditional society everywhere in the world. The members of an agriculture society are fanatics, superstitious, fatalistic and ignorant of the world outside their community. The units of loyalty in such a society are the family, village, caste or ethnic group. Indeed such a traditional society can become a modern society only when there is social change. Technology is the most necessary factor for change from traditional state to the modernization one.
• When the traditional society accepts the change both as a norms and values, it becomes a modern society.
• Social values are respected in every society. For this different means and methods are used like family, school, religion etc.

1. Family :

•  A child takes the first lesson of social values from his/her family. He/she is taught to respect the elders to live in community, respect the feeling of others, etc. Family is the most necessary training ground for a child to learn basic social values.

2. School :

• After family, child comes to school to learns the social values. In school child learns to follow rules and regulations, respect teachers, adjust himself/herself with the classmates, shares common interests, obeys orders, maintain discipline, etc.

3. Religion : 

• Normally child practices his/her parents religion. Any and every religion develops in the child feeling of sincerity about his/her duties, teaches ethical codes, tolerance, justice, truth etc. So the child becomes aware of his/her duties and obligations.

4. Science : 

• Trough the science people learn to search for truth. They require practical proof to belief. They try to control nature and help the society to make great progress in every walk of fire. 

Thus, social values occupy important position in social institutions and social change.

WHY THE STUDY OF SOCIOLOGY IS IMPORTANT FOR OUR SOCIETY?

• Sociology basically means science of society. Thus sociology is the science, which deals with all the problems of human being living in the society. Since the social problems become complex and complicated with the advance of science and technology, It becomes very necessary to understand various problems occurs in the society. Thus the study of sociology is very important in the contemporary society. It is necessary because of the several social problems.

• The following aspects makes study of sociology necessary.

1. Understand and analysis of social problems :
The study of sociology will help us to investigate, analyze and understand the social problems. Thus, one can plan and work according to need of modern society.

2. Planning and proper distribution :
Natural resources are limited while the needs of society are unlimited. The government can understand the magnitude of social needs and plan the future program accordance with the needs of people with limited available resources.

3. Problem solution :
In every society, there are some serious problems, Which might threaten the unity of society. The study of sociology help us to find out the reasons of such problems so that the identified problems can be resolved with amicable.

4. Economic and politic reconstruction :
Sociology help us to understand the necessities for economic and political reconstruction. So it helps in removing social disparities and giving a social justice to society.

5. Customs and traditions : 
Sociology helps us to understand the similarities of our customs, traditions, culture etc with other societies. In this way, It helps in promoting national unity and integrity among society.

6. Understand social institution :
The study of sociology helps us to understand the existing social institutions like family, school, religion etc. They teach us how to behave respectfully in society. 

7. Sociology in industries :
For industrialization, development of indigenous technology and technology transfer are very essential. The study of sociology helps the engineers to understand the existing conditions like aptitude, character, religion and sentiments of local people in a contemporary society.

8. Sociology for democracy :
Unless we are aware of the nature and the extent of the problems in the entire society, successful working of democracy becomes impossible. with the knowledge of sociology the government, the social activists and other can reach the grass root levels of the society reconstruction.

WHAT IS SOCIOLOGY?

SOCIOLOGY

• Sociology is defined as a science of social order and progress. It is a study of social life, social change, social cause and consequences of human behavior in society.
• It is also called social science. It is a study of social problems and social relations are happens in whole society. I mean, How human beings are connected to each other, interact and behaving in society.
• August compte is the father of sociology.
• Universe is made up of natural laws and the society is the part of an universe, It is also governed by the natural laws. Thus society should discover these law by applying scientific procedures like observations, data collections, verifications and generalizations. They are called the analytic and synthetic approach to social problems.
• The synthetic approach is the construction of laws and principles of science. Here is five stages to discover the social problems occur in the society which are given below:

1. Problem formulation : It is clear that one will take any step to attain an objective only when he/she has a clear proposal of it in his/her mind. It is only when one is involved in any object, he/she will try to attain and resolve it. Then one will try to investigate various processes to achieve her/his goal. In the process of investigation, the problem may require some modifications.
2. Hypothesis : When we modify such a problem, at that time some hypothesis are generated in our mind and it have some tentative conclusions. After discarding all irrelevant factors. One may find a high degree of correlation between two or more events but at this stage, we are not able to come to any conclusion. Here it needs to be tested through various observations.
3. Observations : When we observe the whole phenomena. It consists in the application in our mind and its cognitive powers, which we are studying. It may be done through history records or through survey, questionnaire and interview methods  or other techniques used by social scientists. It is of-course difficult to have complete controlled observations in sociological studies.
4. Classification : Once the facts are observed and controlled, They should be classified in special arrangement in advance with the relevant forms.
5. Verification : After various observations, surveys, questionnaire methods, hypothesis, considerations etc, after that we come to a particular assumption. But we can not accept any assumption as general or universal law unless we have conducted investigation in the other part of universe with different conditions. When our assumption is proved true allover, It can be accepted as a law or a principle. Such universal laws can not be made easily in the sociology. Society is too vast and human nature is unpredictable so it is more difficult to make a social law than a physical law.